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Alternatives to Serum and Serum Proteins for Immunotherapy Applications
Human T-cells for Autologous and Allogeneic Immunotherapy: Regulatory-Friendly Maintenance, Expansion, and Subset Enrichment
A number of promising anti-cancer immunotherapies based on adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT) are currently in development. Various approaches under active investigation include chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). To date, two autologous CAR T cell immunotherapies have been approved by the FDA, tisagenlecleucel (KYMRIA) for pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and axicabtagene ciloleucel (YESCARTA) for adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Several other ACT immunotherapies are currently in active development to treat a wide range of cancers including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, neuroblastoma, and other solid tumors of the brain and central nervous system.
Oftentimes the creation of immunotherapeutic T-cells involves the isolation of human T-cells from the blood of the patient being treated, followed by genetic modification, in vitro expansion, and autologous re-engraftment. To ensure patient safety, this process is subject to rigorous cGMP and regulatory standards for manufacturing quality, safety, performance, consistency, and efficiency. The T-cells used in cell-therapy research and clinical applications must be maintained in media supplemented with critical extracellular proteins to support optimal cellular health and growth. In standard T lymphocyte cell culture, these needs are typically met by supplementation with human serum albumin (HSA) and human serum, but these supplements are undefined and variable in composition, with the potential to introduce harmful pathogens to the already compromised patient in a clinical setting.
InVitria offers fully recombinant, fully human protein supplements and chemically defined media for regulatory-friendly, serum-reduced or serum-free culture and expansion of T-cells. All products are manufactured biosynthetically in the US, using recombinant DNA technology in an animal-free host, in an ISO 9001:2015 certified facility. These products are suitable for RUO and cGMP uses and enable the reduction or elimination of serum, serum-purified proteins, and serum-derived contaminants from cell culture media at any scale.
InVitria’s Products Supporting Emerging T Lymphocyte Immunotherapy Programs:
- Reduce inconsistencies associated with expansion of T lymphocytes in human serum.
- Provide a reliable supply chain that human and animal products cannot support.
Provide better, more consistent, more scalable cell expansion and performance in culture, and more dependable yield, product validation, and clinical safety of downstream clinical products. InVitria products for T-cell immunotherapy research and clinical applications include:
Animal-Free, Serum-Free Cell Culture Components and Supplements:
- Cellastim S recombinant human albumin to replace purified human albumin in cell culture.
- Exbumin excipient-grade recombinant human albumin for cell health during cryogenic preservation.
- Optiferrin recombinant human transferrin for managing iron in serum-free or serum-reduced culture applications.
- Insulin-transferrin supplements provide supplemental rh-insulin, rh-transferrin, and selenium, with or without ethanolamine and rh-albumin for serum-free or serum-reduced culture applications.
At a Glance: InVitria Products for T-Cell Immunotherapy Applications
| Name | Function | Recombinant | Human sequence | Animal Free | Blood Free | IgG Free | Available grades |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual Cell Culture Components | |||||||
| Cellastim S | Animal-free, serum-free recombinant human albumin to replace HSA/BSA and FBS in serum-free or serum-reduced cell culture. | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | cGMP |
| Exbumin | Excipient-grade, animal-free, serum-free recombinant human albumin to improve cell stability in cryogenic preservation. Exbumin is approved for use as an excipient in injectable therapeutics. | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | cGMP |
| Optiferrin | Animal-free, serum-free recombinant human transferrin for iron nutrition and management in serum-free or serum-reduced culture applications. | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | cGMP |
| ITS, ITSE, ITSE+A Insulin-Transferrin Supplements | Provides supplemental rh-insulin rh-transferrin, and selenium, with or without ethanolamine and rh-albumin for serum-free or serum-reduced culture applications. | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | cGMP |
*All protein components included in InVitria’s media products are fully human in sequence, fully recombinant, and are expressed in a non-animal host. All processing and packaging steps are fully free of animal components and are produced in the US, using cGMP standards in an ISO 9001:2015 certified facility.
Related Resources
| Resource Type | Title | Cell Lines | Relevance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Application Note | Preserving Lentiviral Titer During Sterile Filtration Using Recombinant Albumin | T Lymphocyte | Improves lentivirus recovery for CAR-T manufacturing — relevant for both ex vivo and in vivo CAR-T workflows. |
| Application Note | High-Resolution Analytical Characterization of Optibumin®: Structural Homogeneity and Functional Consistency Compared to Plasma-Derived HAS | — | Structural homogeneity data supporting reproducible performance in T-cell workflows. |
| Application Note | Recombinant Albumin as a Carrier Protein Improves Cytokine Recovery and Functional Stability at Dilute Concentrations | — | Optibumin 25 improves cytokine recovery and bioactivity at dilute concentrations — relevant for T-cell expansion. |
| Application Note | Cellastim S – Reconstitution Application Note | Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Hematopoetic Stem Cells, T Lymphocyte, HEK293, VERO | Reconstitution protocol for Cellastim S supplementation in T-cell expansion media. |
| Application Note | rHSA Reconstitution Video Protocol | — | Video walkthrough of rHSA reconstitution. |
| Application Note | Superior Cryopreservation of T Cells in Low-DMSO, Animal-Origin-Free Formulation Using Optibumin® 25 and PentaHibe® Base | T Lymphocyte | 10% PentaHibe + 2% DMSO + 4% Optibumin 25 matches CryoStor CS10 in CAR-T-mimicking T-cell workflows. |
| Application Note | Improved iPSC Cryopreservation with Optibumin® 25: Enhanced Viability, Expansion, and Pluripotency | iPSC | Relevant for iPSC-derived T-cell programs: maintains pluripotency markers post-thaw. |
| Application Note | ITS-Animal-Free™ Supplementation for iPSC Expansion and Pluripotency: A Platform Approach for Serum-Free Cell Expansion | iPSC | Supports iPSC expansion for iPSC-derived T-cell therapy programs. |
| Application Note | Safe, Consistent Iron Delivery in Serum-Free Systems with Optiferrin® Recombinant Transferrin | Hybridoma | Iron delivery in defined T-cell expansion media. |
| Application Note | Sustained T Cell Proliferation and Early Memory Retention with OptiLeukin™ 2 Recombinant IL-2 | T Lymphocyte, Natural Killer Cells | OptiLeukin 2 matches leading GMP IL-2 products in T-cell expansion while preserving early memory phenotype. |
| Application Note | Retain and Protect Final Cell Product with Optibumin®, a Recombinant Human Serum Albumin (rHSA) | T Lymphocyte | Optibumin in T-cell wash buffers improves retention and viability vs clinical HSA. |
| Application Note | Enhanced Cryopreservation of T Cells Using Optibumin®, Recombinant Human Serum Albumin (rHSA) | T Lymphocyte | Optibumin in CryoStor CS10/CS5 improves T-cell viability and proliferation while preserving Tscm/Tcm phenotypes. |
| Application Note | T Cell Cryopreservation Using Exbumin®, Recombinant Human Serum Albumin, and Reduced DMSO | T Lymphocyte | Exbumin in T-cell cryopreservation reduces DMSO requirements while improving post-thaw cell health. |
| Application Note | Maintaining Viable Cell Count in Primary T Cells During Cell Washing Using Optibumin® | T Lymphocyte | Optibumin in PBS or Plasma-Lyte improves T-cell retention in centrifugation-based wash workflows. |
| Application Note | DMSO-Free Cryopreservation of Human T Lymphocytes in Chemically Defined Systems | T Lymphocyte | DMSO-free T lymphocyte cryopreservation in chemically defined formulations. |
| White Paper | High-Quality Recombinant Human Serum Albumin (rHSA), Exbumin™, for Improved Cell Wash Buffer Preparation | — | Cell wash buffer preparation for T-cell therapy with excipient-grade rHSA. |
| White Paper | Emergence of Blood-Free Recombinant Human Albumin | — | Foundational rHSA white paper covering T-cell therapy applications. |
| Poster | Enhancing Cell Therapy Consistency and Safety: Recombinant Human Albumin as a Defined Alternative to Plasma-Derived Albumin in Wash and Cryopreservation Workflows | T Lymphocyte, Mesenchymal Stem Cells | Performance equivalence to plasma HSA in T-cell wash and reduced-DMSO cryopreservation. |
| Poster | Stronger Cells for Safer Therapies: Low-DMSO, Animal-Origin-Free T Cell Cryopreservation with Optibumin 25 and PentaHibe | T Lymphocyte | Optibumin 25 + PentaHibe formulation for low-DMSO T-cell cryopreservation in CAR-T workflows. |
| Poster | Better Cells, Better Outcomes: Improving CAR-T Manufacturing with Animal-Free Cryopreservation and Wash Solutions | T Lymphocyte | Optibumin in CAR-T wash and cryopreservation: reduced cell loss, preserved phenotypes, low-DMSO cryopreservation. |
| Poster | Cryoprotectant Additives, Including rHSA, Improve iNK and iT Cell Health & Viability During Cryopreservation | T Lymphocyte, Natural Killer Cells, iPSC | Century Therapeutics study: rHSA improves iT cell post-thaw health and viability. |
| Poster | DMSO-Free Cryopreservation Formulation As An Alternative Cryopreservation Method For Cell-based Therapies | — | DMSO-free cryopreservation alternative for adoptive cell therapy. |
| Journal Articles (DOI Links) | Utilization of Recombinant Albumins in the Expansion of Human T Lymphocytes | T Lymphocyte | Peer-reviewed publication on recombinant albumin in T lymphocyte expansion for CAR-T workflows. |
| Webinar | GEN Webinar: Why Cell Quality Erodes During Downstream Processing — and How to Prevent It | — | Strategies for maintaining T-cell phenotype and potency through downstream processing. |
| Infographic | Optimizing CAR-T Manufacturing with Defined, AOF Components | T Lymphocyte | Visual guide to InVitria’s defined, animal-origin-free components across the CAR-T manufacturing workflow. |
| Blog | Beyond Synthetic Surfactants: The Case for Recombinant Human Serum Albumin (rHSA) as an Ideal Alternative to Poloxamer 188 | CHO, T Lymphocyte | Demonstrates 80%+ T-cell viability in rHSA wash buffers vs significant losses in P188. |
| Blog | The “Cheap” Albumin Paradox: The Actuarial Cost of Serum Albumin in Biomanufacturing | CHO, T Lymphocyte | Quantifies the actuarial cost of plasma HSA in CAR-T: viral risk, batch failure, supply fragility. |
| Blog | Supply Chain Resilience: The Fragility and Finite Nature of Serum-Derived Raw Materials | — | Pandemic-era plasma supply disruptions and the case for recombinant alternatives in CAR-T workflows. |
| Blog | Safety and Contamination Risks: The Testing Burden and Persistent Threats | — | Pathogen risk and testing burden of serum-derived materials in cell therapy workflows. |
| Blog | Variability and Failed Lots: The Hidden Quality Control Challenge of Serum & Serum-Derived Products | — | How plasma HSA variability compounds patient-specific variability in CAR-T manufacturing. |
| Blog | Consistency Is the New Compliance | — | Why raw material variability matters more than ever for autologous cell therapy compliance. |
| Blog | Why Do Some Biologics Cross the Finish Line—While Others Crash and Burn? | — | CMC strategy considerations for advanced cell therapy approval. |
| Blog | Cryopreservation Just Got Better with Optibumin® 25 | T Lymphocyte | Up to 2x post-thaw expansion vs plasma HSA, ~40% DMSO reduction, preserved Tscm and Tcm memory phenotypes. |
| Blog | How Regulatory Bodies Are Driving the Shift to Animal-Origin-Free Solutions in Cell Therapy and Vaccine Development | — | Regulatory drivers for AOF materials in advanced therapies. |
| Blog | Innovative Solutions in Closed-System Biomanufacturing: Exploring the Tools and Technologies Driving Sterility and Efficiency | — | Closed-system manufacturing tools for autologous cell therapy workflows. |
| Blog | Evolving Challenges in Closed-System Biomanufacturing | — | Closed-system manufacturing challenges in autologous cell therapy. |
| Blog | Optibumin vs Traditional Albumin: Comparing Performance in Cell Wash Applications | T Lymphocyte | Cell wash performance comparison directly relevant to T-cell manufacturing. |
| News | InVitria Launches OptiLeukin 2 Recombinant Interleukin-2 | T Lymphocyte, Natural Killer Cells, iPSC | Launch announcement for chemically defined, animal- and bacteria-free recombinant IL-2 for immune cell expansion. |
| News | InVitria Launches Optibumin 25 rHSA | — | Optibumin 25 launch — designed for closed-system T-cell therapy workflows. |